ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dynamic changes of the epididymal size 1 year after vasectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty male volunteers received vasoligation. Before and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation, we measured the size and detected the internal echoes of the epididymis using color Doppler ultrasonography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bilateral epididymides were both thickened post-operatively in all the 50 cases, with statistically significant differences between the baseline and the 1st month, the 1st and the 2nd month, the 2nd and the 3rd month, or the 3rd and the 6th month after surgery (all P < 0.01), but not between the 6th and the 12th month (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Within 6 months after vasectomy, the bilateral epididymides manifested a progressive thickening, but basically restored their balance of secretion-absorption after 6 months.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Epididymis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Physiology , Organ Size , Postoperative Period , Time Factors , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , VasectomyABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the different fractions from Isatidis Radix. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects were observed by a in vitro model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and the analgesic effects were evaluated by the writhing test and the tail-immersion test in mice. Results: The water extract, 30%, 50%, and 70% ethanol extracts of Isatidis Radix all had anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The 50% and 70% ethanol extracts were the main anti-inflammatory effective fractions. The water extract and 70% ethanol extract were the main analgesic effective fractions. Conclusion: Different fractions of Isatidis Radix all have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and the 70% ethanol extract has stronger activities. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the 70% ethanol extract may be related to the inhibition of the release of TNF-α and PGE2 from macrophages.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution and epidemiology of ESBLs in ceftazidime or cefotaxime-(resistant) clinical Enterobacter cloacae isolates.METHODS Twenty seven ceftazidime or cefotaxime-resistant(nonrepetitive) E.cloacae were collected from 27 patients hospitalized at the Huashan Hospital,Shanghai.PCR and(sequencing) were performed to understand the distribution of ESBLs in E.cloacae;rep-PCR was(performed) to(understand) the epidemiology of ESBLs in E.cloacae.RESULTS CTX-M-3 like(ESBLs) were the most prevalent in our study(48%);this was the first report of VEB-1-like ESBLs in the member of(Enterobacteriaceae) in China,and the first report of the ESBLs VEB-1-like and CTX-M-3-like in an isolate simultaneously;the majority of(ESBLs) producers exhibited the same rep-PCR pattern,but harbored different ESBLs gene.(CONCLUSIONS) In our study,ESBLs have become prevalent in clinical E.cloacae isolates,and become an important factor of E.cloacae isolates resistant to extended-spectrum beta(-lactams).